p><Genetic analysis for resistance to Xanthomonas hortorum pv gardneri in Capsicum (Capsicum spp.)

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Bacterial spot of tomato occurs in both processed and fresh market tomato crops, especially where growing conditions are characterised by high humidity. Infected plants show black lesions on the leaves and fruit, which cause a reduction in yield and fruit quality. Bacterial spot is caused by four species of bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri. Bacterial spot of tomatoes is a soil-borne disease that is difficult to prevent and control. Currently, there are few chemicals available that are effective against the pathogens and excessive use of copper has led to the development of resistance in the bacterial population. The use of varieties resistant to bacterial spot offers a potential tool for disease control in the field. Avirulence factors recognised by resistance gene were found in X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans T3 species, X. perforans T4 species. However, no source of resistance was described against X. gardneri. Due to its emergence in the last few years, the discovery of a resistance source is a priority. The aim of this research is to find resistance sources to Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri in the genus Capsicum, which may provide genetic protection against the pathogenic bacteria. The use of resistant varieties is the only alternative to chemical control of infections.

Bacterial spot of tomato occurs in both processed and fresh market tomato crops, especially where growing conditions are characterised by high humidity. Infected plants show black lesions on the leaves and fruit, which cause a reduction in yield and fruit quality. Bacterial spot is caused by four species of bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri. Bacterial spot of tomatoes is a soil-borne disease that is difficult to prevent and control. Currently, there are few chemicals available that are effective against the pathogens and excessive use of copper has led to the development of resistance in the bacterial population. The use of varieties resistant to bacterial spot offers a potential tool for disease control in the field. Avirulence factors recognised by resistance gene were found in X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans T3 species, X. perforans T4 species. However, no source of resistance was described against X. gardneri. Due to its emergence in the last few years, the discovery of a resistance source is a priority. The aim of this research is to find resistance sources to Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri in the genus Capsicum, which may provide genetic protection against the pathogenic bacteria. The use of resistant varieties is the only alternative to chemical control of infections.

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Identification of resistance against Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) in tomato

Mechanically and seed transmitted Tobamoviruses cause high economic losses in field and greenhouse production of tomato. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a new Tobamovirus species has been identified in 2014 on tomato fields in Jordan. The virus can break down the resistance (Tm1, Tm2, Tm22) used in tomato breeding for the last 40 years. Finding new resistance sources has been the key question in pepper and tomato resistance breeding. The main objective of our research is to identify new resistance sources for breeders in wild pepper and tomato screening programs.

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Sweet potato production is hampered by different virus diseases in tropical and mediterranean regions. Extremely devastating (50-100%) losses are caused by sweet potato specific viruses. In the past years we collected and identified virus infected samples from homegardens and industrial sweet potato fields. Our results increased the demands for a fast and reliable sweet potato virus identification method and the screening of the hungarian viral biom.

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Investigation of the genetic background of resistance to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) in pepper

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most widespread obligate biotrophic parasites of many plant species. In agricultural vegetable production, they causes severe damage due to high yield losses when infesting mainly plants in the Solanaceae family, like tomato, pepper and potato. The root-knot nematodes cause dramatic morphological and physiological changes in the host as they establish their feeding site. Identification and molecular characterization of plant genes conferring resistance to root-knot nematodes will provide insights into the mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions. To date, several plant lines carrying root-knot nematode resistance genes have been identified from the plant family Solenaceae. Pepper breeding for resistant varieties could provide an effective and environmentally friendly sustainable crop protection against root-knot nematode in vegetable production.

The main objective of this research is to identify the Me1 nematode resistance gene and to understand the molecular mechanism of obligate endoparasitic root-knot nematode (RKN: M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. incognita) infection. Soil-dwelling root-knot nematodes are among the most damaging pathogens of pepper, tomato and other species of the Solanaceae family. The aim of this research is to identify the broad-spectrum resistance gene Me1 and to perform a functional analysis of the gene and its protein products (sequence analysis, intracellular localisation, identification of interaction partners). The detailed analysis will help to map the molecular processes of plant-pathogen interaction and to identify key players (signaling pathways) involved in the resistance process as well as the pathogen virulence proteins. One of the most interesting questions to be answered is how the protein product of the Me1 gene can inhibit nematode reproduction and infectivity

Improved and Highly Efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Genetic Transformation Protocol: Efficient Tools for Functional Analysis of Root-Specific Resistance Genes for Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom